Tsing Mushroom at the End of the World Review
| Common tapeti[1] | |
|---|---|
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 | |
| Hand colored stone lithograph, by John James Audubon | |
| Conservation status | |
| | |
Scientific nomenclature  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Lagomorpha |
| Family unit: | Leporidae |
| Genus: | Sylvilagus |
| Species: | S. brasiliensis |
| Binomial proper noun | |
| Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
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| Tapeti range (every bit traditionally defined, see text) | |
| Synonyms | |
| Lepus brasiliensis Linnaeus, 1758 | |
The common tapeti (Sylvilagus brasiliensis), also known as the Brazilian cottontail, woods cottontail, or (formerly) only tapeti is a species of cottontail rabbit. It is small to medium-sized with a small, night tail, short hind feet, and curt ears. As traditionally defined, its range extends from southern United mexican states to northern Argentina, simply this includes several distinctive population that take since been separate into divide species. Nether this narrower definition, the true tapeti only occurs in the Atlantic Rainforest of coastal northeastern Brazil and it is classified as "Endangered" by the IUCN.[ii] The American Society of Mammalogists concurs, but too tentatively classifies several distinct populations that take not yet received proper species names into Southward. brasiliensis, and thus considers it to range from Venezuela south to Argentina.[three]
Taxonomy [edit]
The species was first described scientifically by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, published in 1753.[iv] The type locality was in Pernambuco, Brazil.[five] In addition to its colloquial proper name "tapeti", it commonly known as the "forest cottontail"[six] or the "Brazilian cottontail".[7]
As many as 37 subspecies of the tapeti accept been described,[8] only in 2005 Mammal Species of the World recognized 21, having placed the remaining in synonymy and because the Die'south cottontail (S. dicei) equally a carve up species.[1] Still, the tapeti as traditionally divers is a species complex[9] and it was already recognized in 1990 that a taxonomic review was necessary.[two] Consequently, recent authorities have recommended splitting off several taxa typically considered subspecies of the tapeti and recognizing them every bit dissever species: S. andinus in the Andean highlands of Ecuador (perhaps also in the Andes of Colombia, Venezuela and northern Peru),[eight] South. gabbi (with subspecies truei) from Panama to Mexico,[x] S. sanctaemartae in the lowlands of northern Colombia,[ix] and S. tapetillus from coastal southeastern Brazil.[8] Additionally, cottontail rabbits from the Guianas take not been clearly assigned to a subspecies, merely are traditionally included in the tapeti. In 2017, these were described as a new species, Due south. parentum, based on specimens from Suriname.[9]
Description [edit]
The mutual tapeti is a small- to medium-sized rabbit. It has a head-torso length of 320 mm (13 in), a tail that is 21 mm (0.83 in), hind feet measuring 71 mm (ii.8 in), ears that are 54 mm (2.1 in) (measured from notch to tip), and it weighs an average of 934 grams (32.nine oz). The color of its back is dark-brown with a speckled appearance (resulting from the blackness hairs tips), and it has a rufous spot on its neck. Its belly and tail underside are also rufous. It has six mammae.[7] 2 different karyotypes take been reported for this species: 2n=36, FN=68; and 2n=twoscore, FN=76.[5]
It is a solitary, nocturnal animal, unremarkably seen after nightfall or before dawn, feeding on grass and browse.[xi] It has too been recorded eating Harrya chromapes, a bolete mushroom.[12] It is constitute in forested habitats, shut to swamps and along river edges, and in disturbed areas, such as gardens and plantations.[11]
Habitat, distribution, and ecology [edit]
The common tapeti occurs in tropical rain forests, deciduous forests, and second growth forests in Mexico and Central America, as well equally pastures surrounding forest habitat. Its range extends from southern Tamaulipas in Mexico, due south along the eastern declension of United mexican states, through Guatemala, mayhap Republic of el salvador, Republic of honduras, eastern Nicaragua, eastern Costa Rica, and Panama. It occurs through the northern half of South America, including Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, northern Argentina, and much of Brazil.[2] The southern tip of its known distribution occurs in Tucuman province.[7] It occurs at elevations from sea level to 4,800 m (15,700 ft).[ii] It is the only leporid species found in nigh of its range.[11]
Rabbits build nests built of dry grasses above the ground to rear their young. They have a key chamber and iii or four smaller chambers at the stop of a corridor. The gestation period varies with the geographical location. Rabbits in Chiapas, United mexican states gestate for about 28 days, and have three to eight offspring, while rabbits in the Páramos of the Andes gestate for 44 days, and take an average litter size of one.2. Both of these populations breed twelvemonth-round.[13]
Like its California relative, the brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani), the common tapeti is a natural reservoir for the myxoma virus.[14] This relationships was discovered by Brazilian physician Henrique de Beaurepaire Rohan Aragão in the 1940s.[fifteen] The virus causes a beneficial cutaneous fibroma in its hosts, only it causes the lethal illness myxomatosis, in European rabbits.[sixteen]
References [edit]
- ^ a b Hoffman, R.S.; Smith, A.T. (2005). "Order Lagomorpha". In Wilson, D.Due east.; Reeder, D.One thousand (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins Academy Press. pp. 208–209. ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b c d eastward Ruedas, L.A.; Smith, A.T. (2019). "Sylvilagus brasiliensis". IUCN Blood-red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T87491102A45191186. doi:x.2305/IUCN.Britain.2019-2.RLTS.T87491102A45191186.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Explore the Database". www.mammaldiversity.org . Retrieved 2021-07-06 .
- ^ Linnaeus, Carolus (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. (in Latin) (tenth ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 58.
- ^ a b Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn Thou. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. JHU Press. p. 208. ISBN978-0-8018-8221-0.
- ^ Schubert, Blaine W.; Mead, Jim I.; Graham, Russell Due west.; Denver Museum of Nature & Science (2003). Water ice Historic period Cave Faunas of North America. Indiana University Printing. p. 278. ISBN978-0-253-34268-3.
- ^ a b c Eisenberg, John F. (2000). Mammals of the Neotropics, Volume 3: Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil. University of Chicago Press. p. 519. ISBN978-0-226-19542-1.
- ^ a b c Ruedas; French; Silva; Platt 2; Salazar-Bravo; Mora; Thompson (2017). "A prolegomenon to the systematics of South American cottontail rabbits (Mammalia, Lagomorpha, Leporidae: Sylvilagus): designation of a neotype for South. brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758), and restoration of S. andinus (Thomas, 1897) and S. tapetillus Thomas, 1913". Academy of Michigan. 205. ISSN 0076-8405.
- ^ a b c Ruedas, Fifty.A. (2017). "A new species of cottontail rabbit (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) from Suriname, with comments on the taxonomy of allied taxa from northern S America". Journal of Mammalogy. gyx048 (iv): 1042–1059. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyx048.
- ^ Ruedas, Fifty.A. & Salazar-Bravo, J. (2007). "Morphological and chromosomal taxonomic assessment of S ylvilagus brasiliensis gabbi (Leporidae)". Mammalia. 71 (1–2): 63–69. doi:10.1515/MAMM.2007.011.
- ^ a b c Emmons, Louise H.; Feer, Francois (1997). Neotropical Rainforest Mammals, A Field Guide.
- ^ Wainwright M, Arias O (2007). The Mammals of Costa Rica: A Natural History and Field Guide. Comstock. p. 239. ISBN978-0-8014-4589-seven.
- ^ Chapman, Joseph A.; Flux, John East. C. (1990). Rabbits, Hares and Pikas: Condition Survey and Conservation Activeness Programme. IUCN. p. 100. ISBN978-2-8317-0019-ix.
- ^ Williams Elizabeth S.; Barker, Ian K. (9 January 2008). Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals. John Wiley & Sons. p. 183. ISBN978-0-470-34481-1.
- ^ Williamson, Yard. (1996). Biological Invasions. Springer. p. 15. ISBN978-0-412-59190-7.
- ^ Kerr, Peter J. (2012). "Myxomatosis in Commonwealth of australia and Europe: A model for emerging infectious diseases". Antiviral Research. 93 (3): 387–415. doi:x.1016/j.antiviral.2012.01.009. PMID 22333483.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_tapeti
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